Argentine Falklands War of 1982

It is very interesting to know the history of the Falklands War of 1982. Why did Falklands war start? In 1983 a government inquiry, the Franks Committee partly blamed the Falklands War on Margaret Thatcher’s decision in 1981 to withdraw the Royal Navy’s only ship patrolling the South Atlantic, HMS Endurance.

As Britain’s sole the vessel in those waters, removing it had sent a message to the Argentine the military junta that the United Kingdom was not interested in defending the Falklands, the Committee declared. The interesting thing was that message sent to Argentina was quite true.

Although the Endurance was withdrawn simply to keep in with Thatcher’s ‘good housekeeping’ financial policy. The British government was also planning an orderly withdrawal from the Falklands. In 1981 Nicholas Ridley, one of the Foreign Office ministers, told a journalist: ‘We have 13 colonies left. It is my job to get us out of them.

After Honduras [British Honduras, now independent Belize] the Falklands are next on the list.’ Later that year he designed a sale-leaseback deal which would hand sovereignty over to Argentina, so long as the islanders could remain there under a British administration.

Margaret Thatcher had wanted to be rid of the islands too and was considering scaling back that part of the Navy that could defend them. The aircraft carrier Hermes was to be scrapped, as were two assault craft. And the carrier Invincible was being sold to the Australian Navy, which was preparing to take delivery when Argentina invaded.

Had Endurance not been withdrawn, it is unlikely that Argentina would have thought it could stage an unopposed military takeover. For that matter, had Argentina waited another year before its incursion. Britain might well have voluntarily handed over the islands. But even if it hadn’t done so the Royal Navy would not have had the vessels needed for the counter-attack.

Hence, withdrawing Endurance saved £2m; the Falklands War of 1982 that it led to cost £3bn. And the war was never a foregone conclusion. In fact, in 1982, one foolish mistake nearly turned the whole thing around. The British media are a belligerent lot.

According to them, the government is always venal, wrong and amateurish, and they always know better. But does anyone listen? Nope. Still, there’s one time when they all fall into line – when the nation is at war. Therefore, the publishing stories that would actively help the enemy is considered something of a no-no, even in Fleet Street (well, with the sole exception of the Guardian, anyway).

Despite this, the height of the Falklands War of 1982, the Ministry of Defense sent out a press release. It was good news of Argentine naval failures and the BBC happily ran an item based on it. The BBC’s report sang: ‘Following the Argentine air attacks on 21 May two unexploded bombs on one warship have been successfully defused and a further one dealt with on another warship.

Repairs are being carried out on the other warships.’ In fact, the problem with the report was that it was true. British craft was being repeatedly hit by Argentine bombs which were failing to explode. Most probably because the Argentine pilots were flying too low over their targets.

So that when they dropped the bombs the fuses didn’t have enough time to arm the device before it hit the ships. Nearly three-quarters of all the ordnance dropped on the British ships was failing to detonate and the British Navy wanted to keep it that way.

The last thing they wanted was for the Argentineans to cotton on. And start flying a bit higher up, because the sea was the real battleground when it came to the Falklands. On land, British troops entirely dominated, but on the water, things were more evenly matched.

The Argentines sank several British boats, drowning many of the crew. Had the Argentine pilots been able to treble their effectiveness simply by realizing they were flying too low; the entire campaign might have been reversed. So, these are true facts of 10-weeks undeclared Falklands War of 1982. The Britain and Argentina conflict lasted 74 days, eventually surrender by Argentine on 14 June 1982 and giving back Islands to The UK.

Falklands Casualties

There are three Falklands Islanders, 255 British Military Personnel and 649 Argentine military personal died during the hostilities in Falkland War.

Ted Bundy – The Worst Serial Killer

A handsome, elegant, romantic, tender man was defined by his friends. His girlfriends and those who they knew Theodore Robert Cowell was born on November 24, 1946. His mother was Louise Cowell and his father were an Air Force veteran whose identity remained unknown to Bundy throughout his life.

After the birth of Ted, Louise goes to live with her parents and over time the child is made to believe that his grandparents are his parents and that his biological mother is his older sister. This was the aim of protecting the young woman from the critical acids of society against single mothers. This was act was negative for Bundy, since at some point in his life he was going to find out about the deception.

At the age of 4 years Ted Bundy and his mother move to Tacoma Washington to live with other relatives. There his mother falls in love with a city cook named Johnny Culpepper Bundy. Eventually, their love grows and in May 1951 the couple finally marries. In this way Ted assumes the surname Bundy that would retain a lifetime.

The marriage bore fruit with 4 more brothers for Bundy and although Johnnie tried to form an emotional bond from father to son with Ted including him in all family activities. But this could not never solidify. As time went by Ted felt more uncomfortable about the situation. Every time it was becoming lonelier for Ted. The experts believe that Bundy's inability to socialize and build emotional ties with people come from these early family episodes in adolescence his the character was shy and childish and prone to loneliness.

Start to isolate of his peers and begins to adopt cruel behavior towards everything around him as per example mutilating animals. He went to classes at the University of Washington and the Puget Sound and was applied in his studies and degrees. At the work level, he took low-level jobs but did not last long in them. And their employers remember him as someone unreliable.

In the spring of 1967 that the love relationship is established with a girl who would change her entire life. The girl, Californian she was the dream come true that Bundy had imagined all his life; Smart, beautiful, sophisticated and good family. In 1969 year after graduation the girl decides to end the relationship with Bundy since she saw huge gaps in his personality, mainly the lack of direction and clear objectives in his life.

Ted never know would recover that girl became an obsession and try to keep in touch with her writing letters, although she didn't change her mind, for the moment. By the previous break Bundy had dropped out, but somehow, he remade his affairs and He re-enrolled at the University of Washington this time in the psychology career. In that subject, he was brilliant and held in good esteem by his professors.

At this time a romance with Elizabeth Kendall that would last approximately 5 years. She came from a divorce and he had a little daughter and saw Ted as an excellent match. Even though I knew he didn't he loved so much and that before the idea of marriage the external his refusal - because he still had many things to achieve before getting married.

And apart from everything that he suspected he had relationships with other women. He hoped that he would change for the better and that he would finally sit head next to her and her daughter. But none of this was going to happen, Elizabeth Kendall was unaware of Bundy's past relationship with the Californian and they still had communication with each other.

From 69 to 72 everything was going in the desired direction. Bundy sent applications for admission to several law schools. He was involved in activities community and even got a Seattle police award for saving a 3-year-old of drowning.

He was involved with important figures of the Republican party and is on a trip working in California in 1973, he reunites with his former girlfriend. Seeing it is impressed because of the enormous change experienced by Bundy, and the issue of marriage floated in several of the love encounters that both held in the summer and winter.

By February 1974 it is consummated revenge not returning any more calls to the girl. In fact, she never knew again anything from Bundy. Although several experts think that Ted Bundy should have started killing from adolescence. Because it is speculated that the disappearance in Tacoma Washington of Ann Marie Burr (8 years) could be related to Bundy who was 15 years old at the time.

They have considered their first crimes confirmed those from the year of 1974 and from 27 years onwards. On January 4, 1974, Bundy enters Joni Lenz's 18-year-old university student and hits her with a metal lever even removes a piece of the victim's bed and sexually assaults her with the same. The next day the woman is found in a puddle of her own blood. Survive but with permanent brain damage.

The next was Lynda Ann Healy 21, a psychology student at the Washington University on January 31, 1974, Bundy managed to sneak into her bedroom and hit her leaving her unconscious. He dressed her in jeans and a t-shirt and then wrap it in a sheet.

His beheaded remains were found a year later in the nearby mountains. The night of his disappearance his room neighbors nothing could be heard so nobody noticed the girl's absence until the next day the Alarm clock and phone. Finally, the parents worried about Lynda's absence but the police he was not able to establish that some serious crime had been committed.

So, no major were taken samples or studies of the crime scene. During the spring and summer of that year, under similar circumstances, they continued to disappear University girls all of the beautiful women, with straight shoulder hair and dark color. Also, his disappearance was discovered in the morning when they were absent from their work ordinary.

At least 8 victims were counted until Bundy attacked in broad daylight. In the meantime, the police began the investigation and the testimonies pointed to a man who was identified for 'Ted' who requested the help of young girls he saw happen. He was in trouble carrying books because He had an arm in a cast or with a sling.

Other times he was also in trouble to throw to ride his old VW. On other occasions, he was seen hanging around the site where two had disappeared girls, so the police already had several clues as to who could be responsible for the crimes. In August 1974 in the park of Lake Sammamish, the remains of two girls were found to disappear last July.

The fact that the victims were identified by the shortage of clues: strands of hair of different colors, a jaw, two skulls, and five bones Leg were all rescued from the park. It was concluded that these remains belonged to Janice Ott and Denise Naslund, both missing in broad daylight on July 14.

The last to see alive Janice Ott was a couple who saw a man chat with the girl, from which they heard that the subject, by the way good looking, needed help to load his boat to the car because he had an arm plastered to which the woman agreed without any problem. Denise Naslund spent the day with her boyfriend and friends when he went to the park bathroom to never return.

The same appeared a man requesting help a couple of women to load their boat to the car, but they said they couldn't help it, case contrary to Naslund who couldn't refuse to help a man with a cast arm. It was this gesture of kindness that cost the girl's life. Bundy had an advantage over the police, and it was that his appearance could change greatly with just adjust the hairstyle and for leaving or shaving the beard.

His physical traits made him a man good looking, but it did not attract too much attention, so it was very difficult to keep track of it. A) Yes, it was that he changed residence to continue killing and went to the state of Utah, in that place it was dispatched to the daughter of the local sheriff. Melissa Smith on October 18, 1974 and days later to Laura Aimee whose Body was in the Wasatch Mountains.

The body showed traces of having been hit in the head with the classic metal wedge had been raped and sodomized. The police established that there have been killed elsewhere since there were no signs of the victim's blood in lieu of the finding. The state police began a frantic search for the murderer. But the the similarity in the modus operandi he made them contact Washington officials with whom they jointly accumulated evidence until Post a portrait with the likely the appearance of the killer.

Thanks to the portrait spoken about the murderer, a close friend of Elizabeth Kendall identifies the probable killer like Ted Bundy. Kendall became convinced that her boyfriend could be the murderer because many keys pointed directly at him. Ted's resemblance to the police portrait, the fact that he was driving a VW sedan as the killer and he had seen crutches in his apartment even though the He had never hurt himself.

Given the situation, he anonymously called the police suggesting that his current boyfriend might have something to do with the deaths. Although he provided recent photos of Bundy to police, witnesses failed to try to make the corresponding identification. The police scrapped that track. And attention to Ted Bundy dissipated until a few years later.

On November 8, 1974 the case took a 180 degree turn when Bundy lets Carol escape alive DaRonch the facts were like this: hanging around a book store, Bundy chooses the girl as a victim 18 years old and deceitfully pretends to be a police officer named Roseland and throws him the roll that someone tried to steal the girl's car. By the force of insistence, he manages to get her into his car and shortly after driving - in the opposite direction of the police station - the struggle between the two begins.

Ted Bundy threatens her with a gun and the wedge of metal. In trying to handcuff her, she fails, and she fights for her life. Get out of the car and even though it continues with the attack, she defends herself by hitting him on the genitals. In this way, you earn precious Moments to escape. Fortunately, a couple driving through the place realizes the situation and the girl manages to enter their car.

They immediately take her to the police station. The Girl is in full nervous breakdown. But that was not the only attempt that Bundy would make that day. In a local school, where the principal of the school constantly bothered her, how good the woman never he paid attention to the subject for being extremely busy in his affairs. But it seemed very strange to see him hanging around the place. Anyway, Debby Kent found death at the hands of Ted Bundy that night.

The only clue found was a small wrench key that perfectly matched the wives used in the attempted kidnapping of Miss DaRonch. The circle over Bundy was closing more and more. On August 16, 1975, the VW Bundy sedan is identified with the one involved in the kidnapping of DaRonch. After a week of kidnapping trial, Ted Bundy is sentenced to a 15-year sentence on March 1, 1976, in Utah State Prison Colorado.

He was arrested because the road officers in each county are knowledgeable about everyone the neighbors and pay close attention to cars they don't know. As there was a history of a VW sedan involved in a kidnapping, it was a matter of not much time to be stopped. In the first inspections were found the metal lever (Bundy's favorite weapon), wives, tape and other objects that immediately made the suspect.

The evidence found was linked gradually to the disappearance of other women (Melissa Smith, Laura Aime and Debby Kent). Many thanks to the collaboration of the principal of the school that was hanging around Bundy and of Carol DaRonch the identification de Bundy was corroborated police. The police knew that he had in his possession the indicated subject and the large-scale investigation of the man they now knew was Theodore Robert Bundy began.

The fall of 1975 the police deepen Bundy's life through Elizabeth's statements Kendall, who goes to the affected and nervous interrogations but provides valuable data that goes composing the puzzle of the existence of her peculiar boyfriend. Tells that the days of the murders I couldn't determine where her boyfriend had been, not with her at least.

In fact, Bundy had for I usually sleep more during the day and at night I used to go out. Another revealing fact is that a year ago he had made a trip to Sammamish lake to ski, just because of the days they had Miss Ott and Naslund missing. As for the sexual life of the couple, Kendall narrates that Bundy was fond of sadomasochism and when she decided not to participate anymore, she had put sad and had lost much interest in her.

In the following sessions, he told the police that He noticed from the first days of his courtship that Bundy kept plaster and bandages in his room and that Even what he remembered had never broken any bones in his body. Bundy also spent time in the mountains Taylor place where several bodies had been found. Once discovered under the car seat an ax and so on the details that became critical evidence.

The next step was to know about Bundy's previous relationship with the Californian girl who was contacted to finding out how Ted had broken relationships in the most abrupt and cold way. To top it off Bundy had loaded fuel using credit cards so tracking sites where it had happened what It framed more and more. On February 23, 1976, the trial against Ted Bundy begins for aggravated kidnapping. The accused arrives at the room, confident and self-confident, thinking that there was not enough evidence against him.

No, He foresaw the impact that Carol DaRonch's statement had on whom the prosecutor asks to identify the man who He attacked her. Without hesitation, a second point directly to Bundy while bursting into tears. The jury at turn to see Bundy's reaction they look at him staring an icy and impassive look at the witness. In its defense would say that he didn't even know the girl, but he didn't have any alibi on the day of the events.

It took the judge the weekend to thoroughly review the case and the defendant was sentenced on June 30 to a 15-year chain with the possibility of parole. In the prison the tests were carried out psychological that the judge had ordered, and the doctors determined that Bundy was not even psychotic, sexually deviant, not dependent on drugs and alcohol or suffering from brain damage.

But if he had a strong dependence on women and had a great fear of being humiliated in their relationships with them' While in prison in Utah, more cases were being prepared against Bundy, his legal problems They were just beginning. The expert tests to the VW sedan of Bundy had taken a little time but the samples of hair taken coincided with those of Melissa Smith and Caryn Campbell and subsequent examinations revealed that cranial injury marks could have been caused by the lever found a year earlier in Bundy's car.

Then the Colorado police lift the murder charge on October 22, 1976. In April 1977 Bundy is transferred to the Garfield County Jail for face this new process. During the preparations for the Bundy trial he decides to defend himself against the alleged incapacity of his lawyers whom he dismisses. With so much work before you, you can visit the Aspen court library. No one imagined that the real strategy was to try to escape.

Taking advantage of the fact that he did not enter the library handcuffed or chained in one of the frequent visits to the place, Bundy manages to escape through a window but when he falls, he hurts an ankle, situation by which he cannot escape as far as he intended. The police established a fast fence in the city and a massive search was undertaken even using sniffing dogs.

In the meantime, the fugitive lived from stealing the food he needed here and there and spent time in the camps sleeping even in abandoned campers. With the greatest of the sigils he moved but could not stay in Aspen so when he finds a VW with the keys on, he steals it, but he is captured from again when the police identify him. It was several days that he eluded the police.

On December 30, he climbs to the roof of one of the sections of the prison from there to gain access to another part from the ceiling that led to the closet of an empty apartment in the prison. I wait until I know that nobody was there and went out the front door of one of the departments of the custodians No one noticed Bundy's absence until the next morning, 15 hours after the facts.

By that time, I was already on my way to Chicago to Florida. By January 1978 already It was installed in a department of Tallahassee, near the Florida State University. Enjoying freedom again and knowing how young, intelligent and powerful, Bundy developed that vein for stealing how well he was doing. He used his time between his daily walks to campus, where he even went to some classes as if were one more student and watched the television, I had stolen from someone else side.

In fact, all his furniture was a product of theft, just like the food he bought using stolen credit cards. On January 14, the Chi Omega fraternity building was half empty because most of the occupants They were partying or in ballrooms taking advantage of the fact that there was no curfew that night. At 3:00 a.m. Nita Neary's boyfriend was leaving her at the door of the fraternity and the girl notices that the door is open.

As soon as he entered the building, he heard activity and footsteps of someone running upstairs, immediately the sound was approaching the stairs. Reach to hide and watch a man wearing a colored knitted cap come down and leave the building blue, and on the arm, what looked like a folder wrapped in a rag. He kept thinking that someone had assaulted the fraternity.  

So, he looked for his roommate Nancy and without knowing what to do they were in search of the person in charge of the building. But soon another colleague named Karen came across staggered down the wounded hallway and covered in blood on the head. Soon they discovered another girl more, seriously injured. That night Bundy made one of his most terrible attacks by the vile and number of victims: police found the body of Lisa Levy who was hit in the head, raped and that almost a bite detaches a nipple from his chest.

In the end the attack on Lisa Levy would result from crucial importance in the fate of Bundy. He also inserted a can of hair spray into his vagina. Margaret Bowman died in strangulation, also attacked while sleeping. The analysis Forensics indicated that she was not sexually assaulted as Lisa Levy.

But the blows to his head were so brutal that part of the brain mass was exposed when the body was found. None of the two women were able to fight for their lives, the attack was swift and forceful. The other victims do not could provide any information about the attacker, only Miss Neary was able to provide the biggest data.

Bundy hadn't finished his night yet not far from the fraternity would attack a girl more, fortunately the neighbors heard strange noises and phoned the department of the woman; This heroic action could save the life of the girl who was immediately assisted by the police who found her sitting on her bed, semi-unconscious.

Although the police were able to collect enough evidence of this latest attack such as hair from a mask that Bundy released in the place, semen and blood samples the reality was that the criminal was unknown to them. In the state of Florida didn't know anything about Ted Bundy. The last victim of Ted Bundy was the teenager Kimberly Leach who was kidnapped on February 9, 1978, in Lake City.

The only witness of the event was a friend of his named Priscilla who He saw a lord's truck get in but could not provide more information on the color or type of truck. The body was found 8 weeks later in Florida, given the advanced state of decomposition of the he himself gave no significant clue about the attacker. Days before the kidnapping of Kimberly Leach a stranger in a van white approached a 14-year-old student, the girl was on the road waiting for his brother who had been to go through it.

The girl warned by her father - a detective officer - that he shouldn't talk to strangers felt uncomfortable at the questions of Bundy Fortunately the brother arrived. Missed by the subject, the young man points the plates of the van and He shows them to his father. Once the story of the man and the white van have been heard, Detective James Parmenter of the Jacksonville police department decides to investigate.

The plates corresponded to a man named Randall Ragen whom Parmenter decides to visit. Mr. Ragen reports that the license plates that had been stolen from his vehicle and had already processed new ones. Later, the detective finds out that his children are told that they have seen it was stolen.

Then he senses a suspicion and makes his children see a few photographs at the station Police, to their surprise, the subject they identify is Ted Bundy. Time after discarding the van, Bundy steals a car that suits him Well, another VW sedan. But the same thing happens again, local officials in the region suspect in the presence of a vehicle that is not known to them.

Officer David Lee locates him on February 15 at about 10 p.m. Report the license plates to the plant and discover that the car is stolen. As in Utah, Bundy decides to run away until suddenly stops. To the officer's surprise, this resists arrest and manages to escape. The officer shoots and Bundy drop down, pretending to have been wounded, only to attack the officer again when he approaches again.

Finally, after a brief struggle is subdued and handcuffed. Once in the hands of the police, the evidence and the clues are quickly accumulated against Bundy. He is immediately charged with the murder of the young Leach and, he is linked to the crimes of the Chi Omega fraternity and is sentenced to death.

There were two trials that Theodore Robert Bundy would face for murder. The first one began on 25 June 1979 in Miami Florida in this case the court focused on crimes against the Chi fraternity Omega. The second trial was held in Orlando Florida in January 1980 and was for the murder of the young woman, Leach But it would be the fraternity judgment that would seal Bundy's fate.

Despite having the planet whole against him and with all the weight of the evidence on top of him Bundy acted as his own lawyer and he always hoped he could make the trial as fair as possible. The jury was composed by most African Americans. The intention was that the jury was not charged with prejudice, but the evidence was decisive, especially in the case of the brotherhood Chi Omega.

First it was Nita Neary's testimony pointing to Bundy as the subject she managed to see running out the door. The other strong testimony was provided by a dentist, Dr. Souviron showed a series of photographs of the bite on Miss Levy's buttock and as the denture marks, they corresponded perfectly with Bundy's teeth. That way some photographs linked to Bundy with the murders of the fraternity.

On July 23 after seven hours of deliberation, the jury decided that Ted Bundy was guilty. He heard the verdict without showing any emotion. On July 30, the mother testified and implored for the life of her son de Bundy and he had the opportunity to give a good reason not to be sentenced to death. Among other things he said he was the victim of a farce, of an unfair and abusive trial.

And that I didn't even have because asking for mercy for something he had not committed. Judge Cowart at the end of Bundy his statement recommended the death penalty in the electric chair for the death of Lisa Levy and Margert Bowman. On January 7, 1980, the trial for the death of Kimberly Leach begins in Orlando Florida.

This time Bundy decides not to defend himself and the lawyers Julius Africano remain as their representatives and Lynn Thompson. The strategy to follow was to appeal because of mental disability. During the trial surprised everyone when he announced his marriage to Carole Ann Boone, his former partner of work In 1982, he hired new lawyers to make an appeal against the sentence of the homicides of the Chi Omega fraternity, but was dismissed by the court.

Then in 1985 he hired a new lawyer now to appeal the sentence for the murder of Kimberly Leach but again the motion was denied. The fight would continue until 1986 when he would fight again the death penalty that weighed on himself without better Successful than previous appeals.

The execution of Ted Bundy was scheduled for March 4, 1986. Hence, thanks to the proceedings of his lawyer Polly Nelson, the fatal day was postponed until finally the supreme court of justice of the United States denied the last extension on January 17, 1989 “We serial killers are their children, we are their husbands, we are everywhere.

And there will be more of his children dead tomorrow. 'Ted Bundy. “A question from a journalist do you deserve to die? Ted Bundy replied: Good question, I think society deserves to be protected from me and from people like me "

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Ted Bundy – Notorious Serial Killer in American History

Ted Bundy was an American serial killer who committed acts of murder, kidnapping, rape, and necrophilia against many young women and girls during the 1970s. Ted Bundy confessed to 30 homicides committed in seven states between 1974 – 1978 although the total cases are unknown.

His charismatic personality attracts Women which he exploited in a stylish way and wins the female trust before overpowering them. Bundy referred to himself as “the only Ph.D. in serial murder”. He could also be classified as a “power/control” or “anger-excitation” killer type.

Ted Bundy was born on November 24, 1946, to unwed mother Louise Cowell, age twenty-two in Burlington, Vermont.

Ted Bundy's mother was single and had become pregnant in Philadelphia. The story of who the father was remained obscure.

He was a trim man about six feet tall with wavy brown hair, penetrating eyes, handsome, articulate and even features.

Fatherless Bundy spent his early childhood living in the home of maternal grandfather believing that his biological mother was his sister. So, he grew up thinking grandparents were his parents and mother his sister.

He grew up well-liked and did well in school. But he had disturbing behavior. He was an intelligent, happy, and popular child with many friends and a good academic record.

Once he was standing his napping aunt with butcher knives and smiling as she awoke. All knives pointed to her. Bundy was ashamed of his family’s lower-class status; embarrassed to be seen in the family’s working-class Rambler automobile and had imaginations of being adopted by TV cowboy actor Roy Rogers.

Bundy was threatened by the birth of four other children after his mother married John; Bundy’s playmates remember that he had a short temper.

His stepfather had a short temper, but never abused Ted or his mother Ted Bundy’s brothers and sisters apparently had an excellent relationship with their elder half-brother.

Initially, he was college dropped out and felt awkward around wealthy peers when he attended college.

Fairly introverted and awkward in the teenage years. His explosive temper was a profound of masturbation and night-prowling peeping tom.

Ted Bundy graduated from the University of Washington, went partway through law school and he was very lively in both politics and community activities in Seattle.

In 1966, Ted Bundy met his first lover, Stephanie at the University of Washington. She was a tall, attractive, beautiful, elegant girl, intelligent with long dark hair parted down the middle. Belongs to a wealthy family in San Francisco exactly that Bundy aspired to.

She was everything that Bundy dreamt of. For some time, Bundy admired her from afar but was too shy to approach her. But she broke up with him in 1968 which led to him dropping out of college with extreme depression.

He found out the truth about his mother and grandparents returned to college with new-found confidence; he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Woodrow Wilson High School in Tacoma.

Ted met a woman named Elizabeth, although he was supposedly cheating. At the same time, his first love came back to him impressed with his confidence.

In 1969, Ted Bundy re-enters the University of Washington and meets Liz Kendall, whom he starts dating. Liz would be his girlfriend throughout most of his murders. Returns to school with a sense of purpose and becomes an honors student. It also becomes involved in local politics.

He became involved in politics after helping Dan Evans become governor of Washington. He had a promising future in politics.

Bundy was so organized that the police never located the crime scenes were his first seventeen victims were killed.

In May 1974 he Attacks Joni Lenz in her Seattle apartment. Luckily, she survives.

Crimes:

When he returned to college, some gave him the reputation of being a petty thief, but he had no other criminal history prior to 1974. So, in 1974, many girls from colleges in the Oregon and Washington area started being reported missing.

When he moved to Utah for law school in 1974, Carol DaRonch escaped from being kidnapped by a man dressed as a policeman. She described his appearance; his tan VW and investigators found his blood. Another woman went missing in the next few months in the area.

Ted Bundy first known murder happed in OR and WA when he was working at a government agency looking for a victim. Later, he killed many women in Utah, Colorado, and Idaho.

Also, in 1974, hikers found a boneyard in a forest in Washington. These remains were found to be those of all: young, white, long-haired blond women.

Profile of a man named “Ted” came together who would approach young women and ask for help while wearing a fake cast or be on crutches.

In 1975, six women, including Caryn Campbell, vanished from a ski resort in Colorado whose bodies were found later with comparable head contusions.

Bundy was pulled over for a traffic violation in Aug. 1976 in his tan VW, found with handcuffs, an ice pick, a crowbar, and a pair of panties with eye holes cut in them. He was arrested for a possible burglary.

At one point, Ted Bundy kept four of their girlfriend's heads in his apartment. He burned the head of another in his girlfriend’s fireplace.

Carol DaRonch recognized many of Bundy’s tools as well as his vehicle and picked him out of a line-up. He was charged for kidnapping as well as for Caryn Campbell’s murder. He was given a 15-year sentence. There was much speculation of his involvement in many of the above kidnappings and disappearances.

In 1977, he escaped from the law twice, one for only a week, the second time, for a far longer period.

Bundy had always liked college campuses, Ted Bundy escaped to Tallahassee, FL and rented near a college. He was convicted of murdering two sorority girls and brutally injuring two others. This information was found by one of their friends, Nita Neary, who saw a man walk away from the house.

He may not have been convicted for these, but it is theorized by many reliable sources that he raped and murdered over 100 women in his life.

On Feb. 8, 1978, Ted Bundy killed a 12-year-old girl named “Kimberly Leach”. He was soon brought in again after being matched with evidence such as bite marks from one of the sorority girls, being identified by students, those at the college and Leach’s school and a mask found in the home of another strangled the woman which would later be found in Bundy’s van.

In July 1979, Bundy was found guilty of the murders of Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman and the assaults on the other women. For the assaults, he received sentences totaling 270 years. For the murders, Judge Edward Cowart invited him to ride the lightning.

Sentence and Death:

Bundy was offered a plea bargain of three sentences of 25 years each in exchange for the confession of the killing of the two sorority girls and Kimberly, he turned down the offer.

Bundy’s trial was televised, and he represented himself in court most of the time. He was tried for the murders of the sorority women and received two death sentences. He was represented by an attorney when he received a third death sentence after being convicted of the murder of Leach.

After he knew he was completely screwed, he gave details of the murders of over fifty women, the fact that he committed necrophilia (raping corpses) and keeping severed heads of some of his victims in his house. On 17 Jan 1989 is the the final death warrant was issued.

He was electrocuted on Jan. 24, 1989 at 7:13 A Mon the front lawn of the prison he was serving time in. It was described as a “carnival-like atmosphere” as an audience gathered. Many cheered when he was announced dead.

Bundy and the Anomie Theory:

Ted Bundy’s reason for his series of abominable acts such as rape, murder, sodomy, necrophilia, and postmortem (post-death) mutilation can be best explained by the anomie theory. The anomie theory states that crime happens when there is a the strain between mores and the legitimate means to obtain them.

 Individuals may start out trying to achieve their goal legitimately and try to conform to society. However, when they can’t, their goals go in the opposite direction society wants them to go. So, they succumb to a life of deviance. Bundy was known as being awkward from a young age.

All though he was socially inept, his good looks and intelligence put him in a relationship with the woman he would grow to love. When she broke up Bundy, it demoralized him. He may have thought he could never be in a happy relationship again. Since he may have either been too awkward or too unhappy to get his love back, or perhaps, a new love.

He was predisposed to getting what he wanted through deviance. From then on, he kidnapped, raped and killed numerous women, many with similar features shared between these victims and Bundy’s first love. Only through brutal rape and murder could he attempt to achieve the pleasure he had from his first relationship. This sickening mental process of his truly earned him his self-proclaimed title, “the most cold-hearted son-of-a-bitch you’ll ever meet.”

Bundy the Lothario

From the television writer Tom Towler

“Ted Bundy, of course, portrayed himself as a Lothario who could attract women at will. In fact, he always used a ruse to get them to his VW, a fake cast on his arm, a crutch, etc. He’d removed the back seat from the VW and hidden a tire iron by the rear wheel.

He’d knock them out with the tire iron, load them into the car, then take them to a wooded location of his choosing where he killed them and then had sex with them. He, like the Green River killer, returned often to his victims for sex and to watch them change colors”.

Bundy maintained his innocence until the end of his life, but of course, he wasn’t innocent. on January 25, 1989, he went to his death in the electric chair.

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John Paul Jones - First Captain in the History of American Navy

NCE upon a time there lived in Scotland a poor gardener, who had a little son. The old gardener's name was John Paul; that was his son's name, too. The rich man's garden that big John took care of was close by the sea. The little John Paul loved blue water so much that he spent most of his time near it and wanted to be a sailor.

This blue water that little John Paul loved was the big bay that lies between Scotland and Mid England. It is called Solway Firth. When little John Paul was born, on the 6^th July 747, both far-away Scotland, in which he lived, and this land of America, in which you live, were ruled by the King of England. The gardener's younger son lived in his father's cottage near the sea until he was 12 years old.

Then he was put to work in a big town, on the other side of the Solway Firth. This town was famous as White-haven. It was a very busy place due to ships and sailors were landed here in huge numbers. The small boy, who had been put into a store, much preferred to go down to the docks and talk with the seamen? He had been in so many different lands and seas. He could tell him all about the delightful and curious places they had seen, and about their adventures on the great oceans they had sailed over.

He determined to go to sea and studied all about ships and get the info of how they sail them. He regularly studied and read all the books available to him. On the other side, the other boys were asleep or in mischief. But the young John Paul was learning from the books. He read numerous things that facilitated him when he grew older. At last, he had his wish. When he was about thirteen years old when he went as a sailor boy in a ship called the "Friendship."

The vessel was bound to Virginia, in the United States, for a cargo of tobacco. The little sailor boy greatly enjoyed the voyage and was especially pleased with the new country across the sea, to which he came. He wished he could live in America and hoped someday to go there again. But when this first voyage was completed. The young boy returned to White-haven, and get back to the store where he worked.

But, soon after, the merchant who owned the store failed in business, and the boy was out of a place and had to take care of himself. So, he became a real sailor, this time. For thirteen years he was a sailor. He was such a good one that before he was twenty years old, he was a captain. This is how he became one.

Though the ship in which he was sailing was in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, a terrible fever broke out. The captain died. The mate, who comes next to the captain, died; all the sailors were sick, and some of them died. There was no one who knew about sailing such a big vessel, except young John Paul. So, he took command and sailed the ship into port without an accident, and the owners were so glad that they made the young sailor a sea captain.

John Paul had a brother living in Virginia, on the banks of the Rappahannock River. This is the same river beside which George Washington lived when he was a boy. John Paul visited his brother several times while he was sailing on his voyages, and he liked the country so much that, when his brother died, John Paul gave up being a sailor for a while and didn't like to live on his brother s farm.

When he became a farmer, he changed his name to Jones, and so little John Paul became known, ever after, to all the world as John Paul Jones. While he was a farmer in Virginia, the American Revolution broke out. John Paul Jones was a sailor even more than he was a farmer. So, when war came, he wished to fight against powerful British on the sea. This was an extremely and bold decision to make. Because there was no nation so commanding on the sea as England.

The King had a superb lot of ships of war almost near a thousand in numbers. However, the United States had none. But young John Paul Jones said we must have one soon. After some time, the Americans got together five little ships and sent them out as the beginning of the American navy, to fight a thousand ships of England.

John Paul Jones Flag

John Paul Jones was made the first lieutenant of a ship called the "Alfred." The first thing he did was to hoist for the first time on any ship, the first American flag. This flag had thirteen red and white stripes, but in its place of the stars that are now on the flag, it had a pine tree, with a rattlesnake coiled around it, and underneath were the words: "Don't tread on me!"

The British sea captains who did try to tread on that rattlesnake flag was terribly bitten, for John Paul Jones was a brave man and a bold sailor. When he was given command of a little war sloop, called the Providence, he just kept those British captains so busy trying to catch him that they could not get any rest. He darted up and down Long Island Sound, carrying soldiers and guns and food to General Washington. Though one great British warship, the "Cerberus," tried for weeks to catch him, it had to give up the chase.

John Paul Jones could not be caught for all this magnificent work. The bold sailor was made Captain Jones, of the United States Navy, and it is said that he was the first captain made by Congress. He sailed up and down the coast, hunting for British vessels. He hunted so well that in one cruise of six weeks he captured sixteen vessels, or " prizes," as they were called, and destroyed many others. Among there was one large vessel, loaded with new warm clothing for the British army.

Captain Jones sent the vessel and its entire cargo safely into port, and the captured clothes were all sent to the American camp and were worn by Washington's ragged soldiers. The next year Captain Jones sailed away to France in a fine new ship called the " Ranger" Before he sailed out of Portsmouth Harbor, in New Hampshire, he "ran up" to the masthead of the "Ranger" the first "Stars and Stripes" ever raised over a ship — Washington's real American flag with its thirteen stripes and its thirteen stars.

He went to France and had a talk with Dr. Benjamin Franklin, the great American who got France to help the United States in the Revolution. Then, after he had sailed through the entire French fleet, and made them all fire a salute to the American flag. It was the first salute ever given it by a foreign nation. He steered away for the shores of England, and so worried the captains and sailors and storekeepers and people of England that they would have given anything to catch him. But they couldn't.

The English king and people had not supposed the Americans would fight. Particularly, they did not be certain of they would dare to fight against powerful English on the sea. Because at that time, England was the strongest country in the world in ships and sailors. So, they despised and made fun of "Yankee sailors," as they called the Americans. But when Captain John Paul Jones came sailing in his fine ship, the " Ranger," up and down the coasts of England, going right into English harbors, capturing English villages and burning English ships, the people started to think differently.

They called Captain Jones a "pirate," and all sorts of hard names. But they were very much frightened of him and his stout ship. He was not a pirate, either. For a pirate is a bold, bad sea-robber, who burns ships and kills sailors just to get the money himself. But John Paul Jones confronted ships and captured sailors. But the main thing is that his purpose was not getting selfish money. He simply wants to show how much Americans could do and to break the power of the English navy on the seas.

Hence, this voyage of his, along the shores of England, taught the Englishmen to respect and fear the American sailors. After he had captured several British vessels, called "prizes” almost in sight of their homes. He boldly sailed to the north and into the very port of Whitehaven, where he had " tended store," as a boy, and from which he had first gone to sea He knew the place, of course.

He knew very well, how many vessels were there, and what a splendid victory he could win for the American navy. If he could sail into White-haven harbor and capture or destroy the two hundred vessels that were anchored within sight of the town. He recalled so well from childhood with two rowboats and thirty men he landed at White-haven, locked up the soldiers in the forts, fixed the cannon so that they could not be fired.

He set fire to the vessels that were in the harbor, and get frightened all the people that, though the gardener's son stood alone on the wharf, waiting for a boat to take him off, not a man dared to lay a hand on him. Then he sailed across the bay to the house of the great lord for whom his father had worked as a gardener. He meant to run away with this great man and keep him prisoner until the British promised to treat better the Americans whom they had taken prisoners.

But the great lord whom he went for finding it best to be "not at home," so all that Captain Jones' men could do was to carry off from the big house some of the fine things that were in it. But Captain Jones did not like this. Hence, he got the things back and returned them to the rich man's wife, with a nice letter, asking her to excuse his men. But though, he was carrying on so in Solway Firth, along came a great British warship, called the "Drake," determined to gobble up poor Captain Jones at a mouthful.

However, Captain Jones wasn’t afraid of that. This was just what he was looking for "Come on!" he cried; "I'm waiting for you." The British ship dashed up to capture him, but the " Ranger" was already, and in just one-hour Captain Jones had beaten and captured the English frigate. After that then, with both vessels, sailed merrily away to the friendly French shores. Soon after this, the French decided to support the Americans in their war for independence.

So, after some time, Captain John Paul Jones was put in command of five ships, and back he sailed to England, to fight the British ships again. The vessel in which Captain Jones sailed was the biggest of the five ships. It had forty guns and a crew of three hundred sailors. Captain Jones thought so much of the great Dr. Benjamin Franklin, who wrote a book of good advice, under the name of "Poor Richard," that he named his big ship for Dr. Franklin.

He called it the "Bon Homme Richard," which is French for "good man Richard." The "Bon Homme Richard " was not a good boat if it was a big one. It was old and rotten and cranky, but Captain Jones made the best of it. The little fleet sailed up and down the English coasts, capturing a few prizes, and greatly terrifying the people by saying that they had come to burn some of the big English sea towns.

Then just as they were about sailing back to France, they came near an English cape, called Fiamborough Head upon a great English fleet of forty merchant vessels and two warships. One of the warships was a great English frigate, called the "Serapis," a finer and stronger every way than the "Bon Homme Richard." But Captain Jones would not run away. " What ship is that?" called out the Englishman " Come a little nearer, and we'll tell you," answered plucky Captain Jones.

The British ships did come a little nearer. The forty merchant vessels sailed as fast as they could to the nearest harbor, and then the warships had a dreadful sea-fight. At seven o'clock in the evening, the British frigate and the "Bon Homme Richard" started to fight. They banged and hammered away for many hours, and then, when the British captain thought he must have beaten and broken the Americans, and it was so dark and smoky that they could only see each other by the fire flashes, the British captain, Pearson, called out to the American captain: "Are you beaten? Have you hauled down your flag?"

And back came the answer of Captain John Paul Jones: "I haven't begun to fight yet!" So, they went at it again. The two ships were now lashed together, and they tore each other like savage dogs in a dreadful fight. Oh, it was terrible! At last, when the poor old "Richard" was shot through and through, and leaking, and on fire, and seemed ready to sink, Captain Jones made one last effort.

It was successful down came to the great mast of the "Serapis," crashing to the deck. Then her guns were quiet; her flag came tumbling down, as a sign that she gave in. At once, Captain Jones sent some of his sailors aboard the defeated "Serapis." They captured the vessel in a splendid new frigate, quite a different ship from the poor, old, worm-eaten and worn-out " Richard."

One of the American sailors went up to Captain Pearson the British commander and asked him if he surrendered. The Englishman replied that he had, and then he and his chief officer went aboard the battered " Richard," which was sinking even in its hour of victory. But Captain Jones stood on the deck of his sinking vessel, proud and triumphant. He had shown what an American captain and American sailors could do, even when everything was against them.

The English captain gave up his sword to the American, which is the way all sailors and soldiers do when they surrender their ships or their armies. The fight had been a brave one, and the English King knew that his captain had made a bold and desperate resistance, even if he had been whipped.

So, he rewarded Captain Pearson, when he, at last, returned to England, by giving him the title of "Sir," and when Captain Jones heard of it. He laughed and said: "Well if I can meet Captain Pearson again in a sea-fight, I'll make a 'lord' of him."  For a "lord" is a higher title than "sir."

The poor “Bon Homme Richard" was shot through and through and soon sank underneath the waves. But even she went down, the Stars and Stripes floated arrogantly from the masthead, in token of victory. Captain Jones, after the surrender, but all his men aboard the captured " Serapis," and then off he sailed to the nearest friendly port, with his great prize and all his prisoners. This victory made him the greatest sailor in the whole American war.

The Dutch port into which he sailed was not friendly to America. Therefore, Captain Jones had made his name so famous as a sea fighter, that neither the thirteen Dutch frigates inside the harbor nor the twelve British ships outside, dared to touch him. After a while when he got good and ready Captain Jones ran the Stars and Stripes to the masthead and, while the wind was blowing a gale, sailed out of the harbor, right through two big British fleets, and so sailed carefully to France, with no one bold enough to attack him.

He had made a great record as a sailor and sea fighter. France was on America's side in the Revolution, you know, and when Captain Jones went to France after his prodigious victory, he was received with great honor. Everybody wished to see such a great hero. He went to the King's court, and the King and Queen and French lords and ladies made much of him and gave him warmest receptions and said so many fine things about him that if he had been at all vain, it might have "turned his head," as people say.

But John Paul Jones's effort was not vain. He was a brave sailor, and he was in France to get support, not compliments. He wished a new ship to take the place of the old " Richard," which had gone to the bottom after its great victory. So, though the King of France honored him and received him superbly and made him presents, he kept on working to get another ship. At last, he was made the captain of a new ship, called the "Ariel," and sailed from France.

He had a ferocious battle with an English ship called the "Triumph." and at last defeated her. But she escaped before surrendering, and Captain Jones sailed across the sea to America. He was received with great honor and applause. Congress gave him a vote of thanks "for the defense and intrepidity with which he had supported the honor of the American flag" — that is what the vote said.

People of America were everywhere, and massive crowded gathered around to see him and called him Superhero and conqueror. Lafayette, the brave young Frenchman, you know, who came over to fight for America, called him "my dear Paul Jones," and Washington and the other leaders in America said, "Well done, Captain Jones!"

The King of France sent him an impressive reward of merit called the "Cross of Honor," and Congress set about building a fine ship for him to command. But before it was finished, the war was over, and he was sent back to France on some imperative business for the United States. After he had done this, the Russians asked him to come and help them fight the Turks.

This was often done in those days when soldiers and sailors of one country went to fight in the armies or navies of another. Captain Jones said he would be willing to go if the United States said he could, "for," he said: " I can never renounce the magnificent title of a citizen of the United States." They said he could go to Russia, but the British officers who were fighting for Russia, rejected to serve under John Paul Jones, because, as they said, he was a rebel, a pirate and a traitor.

You see, they had not forgiven him for so beating and terrifying the English ships and people in the Revolution. And they called him these names because he, born in Scotland, had fought for America. They made it very unfriendly for Captain Jones, and he had so hard a time in Russia that, after numerous wonderful adventures and much hard fighting, at last, he gave up, and went back to France.

Unluckily he was taken sick soon after he returned to France, and, though he tried to fight against it, he could not recover. He had gone through so many hardships, adventures, and challenges that he was old before his time. Although his friends tried to support him and the Queen of France sent her own doctor to attend him, hence, it was no use. He died on the 18^th of July 1792, when he was 45 years old.

Captain John Paul Jones was buried in Paris, with great honor. The French people gave him a massive great funeral, in the light of super respect and honor. The French clergyman who gave the funeral oration said: “May his example teach posterity the efforts which noble souls are capable of making when stimulated by hatred to oppression." Indeed, Captain John Paul Jones was a brave and gallant man. He fought desperately, and war is a dreadful thing, you know.

But as I have told you, sometimes it must be, and then it must be bold and determined. Captain Jones did much by his dash and bravery to make United State free. He gave his full strength and power on the seas. In his entire life, he bravely fought twenty-three naval battles. Out of them he made seven attacks upon English ports and coasts, fought bravely and captured four great warships, larger than his own. His lifespan was too short, but he left many marks on people's minds.  He took various valuable prizes to the loss of England and the glory of the United States.

The current American boys and girls do not know much of him. If you are a real learner then you should know about him, those who have fought for America on land in the sea. You must surely hear of him who was the first captain in the United States Navy, and whose brave deeds and noble heroism is the heritage and example of American sailors for all time.

I have ever looked out for the honor of the American flag," he said, and Americans are just beginning to see how much this first of American sailors did for their liberty, their honor, and their fame. Some day they will know him still more and in one of the great cities of this land which he helped to save from destruction in those early days. A noble statue will be built to do honor to Captain John Paul Jones — the man who was one of the courageous and most effective sea fighters in the history of the world.

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